Arrays are data structures that store elements of the same type in a contiguous memory location, allowing efficient access via indices.
Binary search is an efficient algorithm for finding an item from a sorted list of items, repeatedly dividing the search interval in half.
Dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems and storing the results to avoid redundant computations.
Graphs are data structures that consist of nodes (vertices) connected by edges, used to model relationships and networks in various fields.